S. F. Khan 
Respiration Definition? When you hear the word ‘respire or Respiration,’ you probably think of breathing. When you breathe, you are taking in oxygen with each inhale and releasing carbon dioxide with each exhale. This gas exchange is important for respiration, but while breathing is a physical process, respiration can be thought of as more of … Read more
What is Benedict’s Test ? Benedict’s test is a simple chemistry test used to detect reducing sugars. Reducing sugars are carbohydrates having free aldehyde or ketone functional group in its molecular structure. This includes all monosaccharides (eg. glucose, fructose, galactose) and many disaccharides, including lactose and maltose.Benedict’s test is most commonly used to test for … Read more
C3 plants are defined as the plants that exhibit the C3 pathway. These plants use the Calvin cycle in the dark reaction of photosynthesis. The leaves of C3 plants do not show kranz anatomy. Here the photosynthesis process takes place only when the stomata are open. Approximately 95% of the shrubs, trees, and plants are … Read more
Factors affecting Photosynthesis Factors Affecting Photosynthesis: The slowest factor implies a factor which is present in intensity or quantity that is less than what is required for the process, when two to more factors act at the same time. To explain the meaning of his principle Blackman cited the following example. Suppose a leaf is … Read more
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast, found in the mesophyll cells of the leaves. There are 4 pigments involved in photosynthesis: Chlorophyll aChlorophyll bXanthophyllsCarotenoids We are all aware of the process of photosynthesis in small plants. Let us have a detailed look at the photosynthesis in higher plants notes to explore the process of photosynthesis in … Read more
Plant Nutrition: The basic needs of all living organisms are essentially the same. They require macromolecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats, and water and minerals for their growth and development. All living organisms require food. Plants can synthesise food for themselves but animals including humans cannot. They get it from plants or animals that … Read more
Nitrogen Metabolism: The soil has limited amounts of nitrogen. Plants and microbes compete for this nitrogen. Therefore, it is a limiting nutrient for both agricultural and natural ecosystems. Let’s understand how this available nitrogen is cycled in the ecosystem a concept known as nitrogen metabolism. Nitrogen Metabolism– All the living organisms are basically composed of … Read more